Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a sleep disorder characterized by repeated interruptions in breathing during sleep, often due to partial or complete blockage of the airway. People with OSA experience episodes of stopped breathing, lasting 10 seconds or more, several times an hour throughout the night. This lack of oxygen can lead to fragmented sleep and excessive daytime sleepiness.
OSA is caused by a number of factors, including obesity, aging, large tonsils or adenoids, nasal congestion, and certain medical conditions like hypothyroidism. People with OSA often snore loudly and are observed to gasp, choke, or stop breathing during sleep. In severe cases, the person may even wake up gasping for air.
Diagnosis of OSA usually involves a sleep study, either in a sleep center or at home using a portable device. The study measures various physiological parameters during sleep, including brain activity, eye movement, muscle tone, heart rate, and breathing patterns.
OSA is treated by addressing the underlying causes of airway obstruction. This may involve lifestyle changes such as weight loss, avoiding alcohol and sedatives, sleeping on your side, and avoiding sleeping on your back. In some cases, a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine may be prescribed. This device delivers a continuous flow of air through a mask to help keep the airway open during sleep. Surgery may also be recommended for people with OSA, such as removal of the tonsils or uvula, or reduction of the tongue or soft palate.
Untreated OSA can lead to a number of serious health problems, including high blood pressure, heart disease, stroke, and depression. People with OSA are also at higher risk of motor vehicle accidents due to excessive daytime sleepiness.
In conclusion, Obstructive Sleep Apnea is a common sleep disorder that can have significant impacts on health and quality of life. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can help prevent the serious complications associated with this condition and help people get the restful sleep they need.
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